ABSTRACT
Background: Prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) is a main factor in a long stay at Intensive Care Units (ICU) in our country. The correct and prompt tracheostomy (TQT) indication has shown significant reductions in ICU stay. The classic open technique has been progressively replaced by the percutaneous TQT. Aims: To describe the experience and the results of percutaneous TQT in a tertiary center ICU. Methods: Prospective study of patients in PMV who underwent a percutaneous tracheostomy in ICU at Hospital Doctor Sótero del Rio, since January 2009 to June 2010. We analyse patient characteristics, waiting time, duration of procedure and complications. Results: The series consist of 130 PMV patients, 101 men, median age 51 (17-22) years old, more frequent diagnoses were neurological disease, cerebrovascular disease and infectious disease. The mean waiting time for the procedure was 1 (0-3) day, the operative time was 11 (3-15) minutes, complications rate was 7.6 percent, and the most frequent was local hemorrhage. Discussion: Percutaneous TQT technique is a feasible and safe procedure in ICU at a Tertiary Hospital, with a short waiting time and a low complication rate.
Introducción: La ventilación mecánica (VM) prolongada es uno de los factores que prolongan la estadía en la Unidad de Pacientes Críticos, el aumento considerable de la realización de traqueostomías (TQT) ha logrado reducir significativamente la estadía en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI). La técnica puede ser abierta (quirúrgica) o percutánea. Objetivos: Describir la experiencia y describir los resultados obtenidos de la realización de la TQT percutánea en UCI en nuestro centro. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo de todos los pacientes sometidos a VM en quienes se realizó una traqueostomía percutánea en la UCI en el Hospital Doctor Sótero del Río desde enero del año 2009 a junio de 2010. Se analizó características de los pacientes, tiempo de espera, duración del procedimiento y complicaciones. Resultados: La serie fue de 130 pacientes que requerían VM prolongada, 101 hombres, mediana de edad 51 (17-22) años, los diagnósticos más frecuentes fueron enfermedad neurológica, enfermedad cerebrovascular y patología infecciosa. El tiempo de espera para el procedimiento fue de 1 (0-3) días, la duración del procedimiento fue de 11 (3-15) minutos, complicaciones en 7,6 por ciento, siendo hemorragia local la más frecuente. Discusión: La TQT percutánea es una técnica posible de implementar en una UCI, con resultados óptimos, baja tasa de complicaciones y con una resolución oportuna.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Intensive Care Units , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Tracheostomy/statistics & numerical data , Tracheostomy/methods , Prospective Studies , Time Factors , Tracheostomy/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Background: Asthma prevalence is increasing worldwide, especially in developing countries. Aim: To determine the prevalence of asthma diagnosis andrelated symptoms in children, its changes during a 6-year period and the influence exerted by socioeconomic status. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study conducted among schoolchildren of Santiago. A sample of 4,561 children aged 6-7 and 13-14 years attending public schools (central district, medium-low and low socioeconomic status) and private schools (eastern districts, high socioecomic status) were surveyed. Dependent variables were asthma diagnosis (AD), wheezing during the last 12 months (WHE12) and frequency of episodes of wheezing (FEW). Prevalence odds ratios were calculated using regression models, adjusted for several confounding variables. Results: AD prevalence for the group as a whole was higher in boys than in girls (13.2% and 10.8%, respectively, p =0.016). Prevalence rate of AD was also higher for children aged 13-14 than 6-7 years (13.8% and 10.1%, respectively p <0.01). An inverse association was found between SES and WHE12. Higher maternal education level was associated with lower prevalence of WHE12 in both age groups and with lower prevalence of FEW in 6-7 year-old children. Paternal education level was positively associated with AD among younger children. At the central district, increasing trends of WHE12 and FEW prevalence were observed during 1994-2000 among 6-7 years children. Conclusions: A significant association was observed between socioeconomic status, asthma diagnosis and symptoms in school children living in Santiago. Data support an increasing trend of asthma prevalence and severity among 6-7 year-old children during the period 1994-2000.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Asthma/epidemiology , Social Class , Chile/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Odds Ratio , Prevalence , Respiratory Sounds , Sex Distribution , Students/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Background: The prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis experienced a steady increase in the last years, probably associated to changes in lifestyles. Aim: To assess the prevalence of allergic rhinitis, to evaluate changes over time (1994-2000), and to describe risk factors. Material and Methods: The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) core questionnaire, with questions added about socioeconomic status (SES), was applied to 4594 children between 6-7 years old and 13-14 years old during october-december 2000. Attendance to public or private schools was also used a SES proxy. The results were compared with those of a similar survey in 5281 children, performed in 1994. Rhinitis symptoms (ever) (SR), rhinitis symptoms within last 12 months (SR12) and medical diagnosis of rhinitis (DR) were assessed. Results: There was a significant increase in the prevalence of SR, SR 12 and DR in both age groups in 2000, compared to 1994. SR older children showed a higher prevalence of SR compared with the youngest group (p=0.003). No age differences were observed in the prevalence of SR12 and DR. Both SR and SR12 were more prevalent at schools of medium and low-medium SES (p=0.003 and p=0.002 respectively). DR was significantly more prevalent among children of high SES. A better mother educational level was associated to higher prevalence of SR and SR12 (p=0.03 and p=0.04). Father educational level was associated to DR (p=0.007). The prevalence of SR12 was higher in households with carpets (p=0.017). The prevalence of DR was higher in houses with smokers (p=0.03) and gas heating (p=0.005). None of the three variables were related to gender. Conclusions: The prevalence of SR, SR12 and DR increased significantly in a short time period (6 years). Our results support a positive association between DR and high SES.